Air pollution is a major global environmental issue affecting people’s health. The bustling Vietnamese capital of Hanoi has been reckoning with pollution as a result of its sharp economic and population growth.

The main causes of air pollution in Hanoi are emissions from motor vehicles, particle matter released from industrial plants and construction, and the burning of charcoal and agricultural wastes. Existing mechanisms in Hanoi must be reconfigured to meet the challenges of sustainable development and align with ICLEI’s Five Pathways.